SB 1865

relating to the regulation and operation of electric bicycles.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1.  Section 17.46(b), Business & Commerce Code, is
(b)  Except as provided in Subsection (d) of this section,
the term "false, misleading, or deceptive acts or practices"
includes, but is not limited to, the following acts:
(1)  passing off goods or services as those of another;
(2)  causing confusion or misunderstanding as to the
source, sponsorship, approval, or certification of goods or
(3)  causing confusion or misunderstanding as to
affiliation, connection, or association with, or certification by,
(4)  using deceptive representations or designations
of geographic origin in connection with goods or services;
(5)  representing that goods or services have
sponsorship, approval, characteristics, ingredients, uses,
benefits, or quantities which they do not have or that a person has
a sponsorship, approval, status, affiliation, or connection which
(6)  representing that goods are original or new if
they are deteriorated, reconditioned, reclaimed, used, or
(7)  representing that goods or services are of a
particular standard, quality, or grade, or that goods are of a
particular style or model, if they are of another;
(8)  disparaging the goods, services, or business of
another by false or misleading representation of facts;
(9)  advertising goods or services with intent not to
(10)  advertising goods or services with intent not to
supply a reasonable expectable public demand, unless the
advertisements disclosed a limitation of quantity;
(11)  making false or misleading statements of fact
concerning the reasons for, existence of, or amount of price
(12)  representing that an agreement confers or
involves rights, remedies, or obligations which it does not have or
involve, or which are prohibited by law;
(13)  knowingly making false or misleading statements
of fact concerning the need for parts, replacement, or repair
(14)  misrepresenting the authority of a salesman,
representative or agent to negotiate the final terms of a consumer
(15)  basing a charge for the repair of any item in
whole or in part on a guaranty or warranty instead of on the value of
the actual repairs made or work to be performed on the item without
stating separately the charges for the work and the charge for the
(16)  disconnecting, turning back, or resetting the
odometer of any motor vehicle so as to reduce the number of miles
indicated on the odometer gauge;
(17)  advertising of any sale by fraudulently
representing that a person is going out of business;
(18)  advertising, selling, or distributing a card
which purports to be a prescription drug identification card issued
under Section 4151.152, Insurance Code, in accordance with rules
adopted by the commissioner of insurance, which offers a discount
on the purchase of health care goods or services from a third party
provider, and which is not evidence of insurance coverage, unless:
(A)  the discount is authorized under an agreement
between the seller of the card and the provider of those goods and
services or the discount or card is offered to members of the
(B)  the seller does not represent that the card
provides insurance coverage of any kind; and
(C)  the discount is not false, misleading, or
(19)  using or employing a chain referral sales plan in
connection with the sale or offer to sell of goods, merchandise, or
anything of value, which uses the sales technique, plan,
arrangement, or agreement in which the buyer or prospective buyer
is offered the opportunity to purchase merchandise or goods and in
connection with the purchase receives the seller's promise or
representation that the buyer shall have the right to receive
compensation or consideration in any form for furnishing to the
seller the names of other prospective buyers if receipt of the
compensation or consideration is contingent upon the occurrence of
an event subsequent to the time the buyer purchases the merchandise
(20)  representing that a guaranty or warranty confers
or involves rights or remedies which it does not have or involve,
provided, however, that nothing in this subchapter shall be
construed to expand the implied warranty of merchantability as
defined in Sections 2.314 through 2.318 and Sections 2A.212 through
2A.216 to involve obligations in excess of those which are
(21)  promoting a pyramid promotional scheme, as
(22)  representing that work or services have been
performed on, or parts replaced in, goods when the work or services
were not performed or the parts replaced;
(23)  filing suit founded upon a written contractual
obligation of and signed by the defendant to pay money arising out
of or based on a consumer transaction for goods, services, loans, or
extensions of credit intended primarily for personal, family,
household, or agricultural use in any county other than in the
county in which the defendant resides at the time of the
commencement of the action or in the county in which the defendant
in fact signed the contract; provided, however, that a violation of
this subsection shall not occur where it is shown by the person
filing such suit that the person neither knew or had reason to know
that the county in which such suit was filed was neither the county
in which the defendant resides at the commencement of the suit nor
the county in which the defendant in fact signed the contract;
(24)  failing to disclose information concerning goods
or services which was known at the time of the transaction if such
failure to disclose such information was intended to induce the
consumer into a transaction into which the consumer would not have
entered had the information been disclosed;
(25)  using the term "corporation," "incorporated," or
an abbreviation of either of those terms in the name of a business
entity that is not incorporated under the laws of this state or
(26)  selling, offering to sell, or illegally promoting
an annuity contract under Chapter 22, Acts of the 57th Legislature,
3rd Called Session, 1962 (Article 6228a-5, Vernon's Texas Civil
Statutes), with the intent that the annuity contract will be the
subject of a salary reduction agreement, as defined by that Act, if
the annuity contract is not an eligible qualified investment under
(27)  subject to Section 17.4625, taking advantage of a
disaster declared by the governor under Chapter 418, Government
Code, or by the president of the United States by:
(A)  selling or leasing fuel, food, medicine,
lodging, building materials, construction tools, or another
necessity at an exorbitant or excessive price; or
(B)  demanding an exorbitant or excessive price in
connection with the sale or lease of fuel, food, medicine, lodging,
building materials, construction tools, or another necessity;
(28)  using the translation into a foreign language of
a title or other word, including "attorney," "immigration
consultant," "immigration expert," "lawyer," "licensed," "notary,"
and "notary public," in any written or electronic material,
including an advertisement, a business card, a letterhead,
stationery, a website, or an online video, in reference to a person
who is not an attorney in order to imply that the person is
authorized to practice law in the United States;
(29)  delivering or distributing a solicitation in
connection with a good or service that:
(A)  represents that the solicitation is sent on
behalf of a governmental entity when it is not; or
(B)  resembles a governmental notice or form that
represents or implies that a criminal penalty may be imposed if the
recipient does not remit payment for the good or service;
(30)  delivering or distributing a solicitation in
connection with a good or service that resembles a check or other
negotiable instrument or invoice, unless the portion of the
solicitation that resembles a check or other negotiable instrument
or invoice includes the following notice, clearly and conspicuously
printed in at least 18-point type:
(31)  in the production, sale, distribution, or
promotion of a synthetic substance that produces and is intended to
produce an effect when consumed or ingested similar to, or in excess
of, the effect of a controlled substance or controlled substance
analogue, as those terms are defined by Section 481.002, Health and
(A)  making a deceptive representation or
designation about the synthetic substance; or
(B)  causing confusion or misunderstanding as to
the effects the synthetic substance causes when consumed or
(32)  a licensed public insurance adjuster directly or
indirectly soliciting employment, as defined by Section 38.01,
Penal Code, for an attorney, or a licensed public insurance
adjuster entering into a contract with an insured for the primary
purpose of referring the insured to an attorney without the intent
to actually perform the services customarily provided by a licensed
public insurance adjuster, provided that this subdivision may not
be construed to prohibit a licensed public insurance adjuster from
recommending a particular attorney to an insured;
(33)  owning, operating, maintaining, or advertising a
massage establishment, as defined by Section 455.001, Occupations
(A)  is not appropriately licensed under Chapter
455, Occupations Code, or is not in compliance with the applicable
licensing and other requirements of that chapter; or
(B)  is not in compliance with an applicable local
ordinance relating to the licensing or regulation of massage
(34)  a warrantor of a vehicle protection product
warranty using, in connection with the product, a name that
includes "casualty," "surety," "insurance," "mutual," or any other
word descriptive of an insurance business, including property or
casualty insurance, or a surety business; or
(35)  selling or offering for sale as an electric
bicycle a vehicle equipped with an electric motor for propulsion
(A)  is not an "electric bicycle" as defined by
Section 664.001, Transportation Code; or
(B)  is identified by the seller as:
(i)  a Class 1 electric bicycle and is not a
"Class 1 electric bicycle" as defined by Section 664.001,
(ii)  a Class 2 electric bicycle and is not a
"Class 2 electric bicycle" as defined by Section 664.001,
(iii)  a Class 3 electric bicycle and is not
a "Class 3 electric bicycle" as defined by Section 664.001,
SECTION 2.  Subchapter A, Chapter 13, Parks and Wildlife
Code, is amended by adding Section 13.024 to read as follows:
Sec. 13.024.  OPERATION OF ELECTRIC BICYCLE IN STATE PARK.
(1)  "Bicycle" has the meaning assigned by Section
(2)  "Class 1 electric bicycle," "Class 2 electric
bicycle," "Class 3 electric bicycle," and "electric bicycle" have
the meanings assigned to those terms by Section 664.001,
(b)  Notwithstanding any other law and subject to Subsection
(c), a person may operate in a state park or on public land under the
department's jurisdiction a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 electric
bicycle in an area where the operation of a bicycle solely under
(c)  A person may not operate a Class 2 or Class 3 electric
bicycle on a natural-surface singletrack trail.
(d)  The commission by rule may authorize the operation of an
electric bicycle of any class in a state park or on public land
under the department's jurisdiction, provided that the commission
may not authorize the operation of an electric bicycle in any
location where operation of a bicycle solely under human power is
SECTION 3.  Subchapter B, Chapter 551, Transportation Code,
is amended by adding Section 551.108 to read as follows:
Sec. 551.108.  OPERATION OF ELECTRIC BICYCLE ON PUBLIC LAND
UNDER STATE AGENCY OR POLITICAL SUBDIVISION JURISDICTION.
Notwithstanding any other law, a state agency or a political
subdivision of this state may regulate the operation of an electric
bicycle on a path or trail on public land under the state agency's
or political subdivision's jurisdiction.
SECTION 4.  Section 664.001(4), Transportation Code, is
(4)  "Electric bicycle" means a bicycle [:
[(i)]  fully operable pedals [;] and
[(ii)]  an electric motor of fewer than 750
[(B)  with] a top assisted speed of 28 miles per
hour or less.  The term does not include a bicycle that:
(A)  fails to satisfy one or more of the
requirements under Section 17.46(b), Business & Commerce Code, for
an electric bicycle to be sold or offered for sale;
(B)  has one or more operating modes, is equipped
with a throttle, and is capable of exceeding 20 miles per hour on
motorized propulsion alone in any mode when the throttle is
(C)  has been configured or modified by any person
or is designed, manufactured, or intended by the manufacturer,
importer, or seller to be so configured or modified, to exceed any
required power or speed restriction if the operator engages:
(i)  a mechanical switch or button;
(ii)  a modification to the software
controlling the bicycle's electric drive system;
(iv)  any means intended by the
manufacturer, importer, or seller to modify the vehicle or allow
the vehicle to be modified to exceed any required power or speed
SECTION 5.  The changes in law made by this Act to Section
17.46(b), Business & Commerce Code, apply only to an act or practice
that occurs on or after the effective date of this Act.  An act or
practice that occurs before the effective date of this Act is
governed by the law in effect on the date the act or practice
occurred, and the former law is continued in effect for that
SECTION 6.  This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.