HB 2690

relating to governmental restrictions on the right to earn a
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1.  Subtitle H, Title 10, Government Code, is
amended by adding Chapter 2402 to read as follows:
CHAPTER 2402.  PROTECTION OF RIGHT TO EARN LIVING
Sec. 2402.001.  DEFINITIONS.  In this chapter:
(1)  "Governmental agency" means:
(A)  this state or a political subdivision of this
(B)  an agency of this state or of a political
subdivision of this state, including a department, bureau, board,
commission, office, council, or public institution of higher
(2)  "Public official" means an elected or appointed
officer, employee, or agent of this state or of a political
subdivision, board, commission, bureau, or other public body
(3)  "Welfare" means protection of the public against
fraud or physical or psychological harm.  The term does not include
the protection of a business from competition.
Sec. 2402.002.  APPLICABILITY OF CHAPTER.  (a)  This chapter
applies to any law adopted by a governmental agency and the
implementation of that law, regardless of the date the law was
(b)  This chapter applies to each law of this state unless
the law is expressly made exempt from the application of this
chapter by reference to this chapter.
Sec. 2402.003.  RIGHT TO EARN LIVING PROTECTED.  A
governmental agency or public official may not adopt or enforce a
law or other measure that imposes a burden on an individual's right
to earn a living unless the agency or official demonstrates that:
(1)  the law or measure is necessary to protect public
(2)  the law or measure is the least restrictive means
of furthering that interest; and
(3)  alternative means, including voluntary
certification or less restrictive regulatory measures, are not able
to achieve that interest without unnecessarily restricting entry
into the regulated business, profession, occupation, or trade.
Sec. 2402.004.  CLAIM FOR RELIEF.  (a)  If a governmental
agency or public official has violated or there are reasonable
grounds to believe the agency or official is about to violate
Section 2402.003, the person aggrieved by the violation or
threatened violation may bring an action against the agency or
official in accordance with this section.
(b)  A person has standing to bring an action under this
section regardless of whether the person applied for, obtained, or
was denied the occupational license or certification that is the
subject of the violation that is the basis for the action if the
(1)  intends to engage in the business, profession,
occupation, or trade that is the subject of the violation that is
(2)  is hindered from engaging in the business,
profession, occupation, or trade by the violation that is the basis
(c)  A person whose right to earn a living has been burdened
in violation of this Section, other than a governmental agency or
public official, in an action brought under this section is
(1)  appropriate equitable relief;
(2)  nominal damages of $1; and
(3)  reasonable attorney's fees, court costs, and other
reasonable expenses incurred in bringing the action.
Sec. 2402.005.  DEFENSE.  A person whose free exercise of the
right to earn a living has been burdened in violation of Section
2402.003 may assert that violation as a defense in a judicial or
administrative proceeding enforcing the law or measure that is the
basis of the violation regardless of whether the proceeding is
brought in the name of the state or by any other person.
Sec. 2402.006.  IMMUNITY WAIVED.  A governmental agency's
sovereign and governmental immunity to suit and from liability is
waived to the extent of liability created by Section 2402.004.
Official immunity of a public official is waived to the extent of
liability created by Section 2402.004.
Sec. 2402.007.  ACTION AND DEFENSE CUMULATIVE.  An action or
defense provided by this chapter is cumulative with any other
action or defense provided by law.
Sec. 2402.008.  CONSTRUCTION OF CHAPTER.  This chapter may
not be construed to authorize a governmental agency or public
official to burden a person's free exercise of the right to earn a
SECTION 2.  (a)  Section 2402.004, Government Code, as added
by this Act, applies only to a cause of action that accrues on or
after the effective date of this Act.
(b)  Section 2402.005, Government Code, as added by this Act,
applies only to a proceeding that commences on or after the
SECTION 3.  This Act takes effect immediately if it receives
a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as
provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution.  If this
Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this
Act takes effect September 1, 2025.