HB 2728

relating to spoliation of evidence held for use in a criminal
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1.  Chapter 38, Code of Criminal Procedure, is
amended by adding Article 38.495 to read as follows:
Art. 38.495.  SPOLIATION OF EVIDENCE.  (a)  Except as
permitted under other law and subject to Subsection (b), the state
shall preserve evidence in the possession, custody, or control of
the state and may not permit the destruction, alteration, or loss of
(b)  Subsection (a) does not apply to a destruction,
alteration, or loss of evidence that reasonably occurs in the
course of forensic analysis, as that term is defined by Section 2,
(c)  Subject to Subsection (d), evidence and testimony
relating to an allegation that the state, by act or omission, caused
the destruction, alteration, or loss of evidence held for use in a
criminal proceeding are admissible and may be used by the defendant
to make a showing of spoliation of evidence under this article.
(d)  In determining the admissibility of evidence or
testimony relating to an allegation described by Subsection (c),
the court shall determine, out of the presence of the jury and by a
preponderance of the evidence, whether spoliation of evidence
occurred in violation of Subsection (a).  If practicable, the court
shall make the determination under this subsection before trial
using the procedures under Article 28.01 of this code and Rule 104,
(e)  The party alleging spoliation of evidence in violation
of Subsection (a) is not required to show that:
(1)  the actor's sole intent was to wrongfully cause the
destruction, alteration, or loss of the evidence; or
(2)  the actions of the actor constituted a criminal
(f)  A conviction for an offense under Section 37.09, Penal
Code, creates a presumption of spoliation of evidence under this
(g)  If it is shown during a proceeding under Subsection (d)
that the violation of Subsection (a) was intentional, knowing,
reckless, or negligent, at trial the court shall instruct the jury
to presume that the destroyed, altered, or lost evidence would have
been favorable to the defendant and unfavorable to the state.
(h)  If it is shown during a proceeding under Subsection (d)
that the violation of Subsection (a) was intentional, the court may
impose additional sanctions on the state or dismiss any criminal
SECTION 2.  The change in law made by this Act applies to a
criminal proceeding that commences on or after the effective date
of this Act.  A criminal proceeding that commences before the
effective date of this Act is governed by the law in effect on the
date the proceeding commenced, and the former law is continued in
SECTION 3.  This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.